About history of Japanese Traditional Dance
日本舞踊の歴史
Origin of Japanese dance
踊りの起源
The dance is said to have originated when Amaterasu Omikami hid herself in the heavenly cave, and Amenouzume no Mikoto danced in front of it. increase.
Dancing is an offering to the gods, a form of prayer, and a primitive form of communication with the gods.
The charm of Japanese dance lies in the beauty of the gestures and movements in kimono. It is a characteristic of Japanese performing arts to dance while holding things such as fans.
The depiction of Japanese dance follows Japanese life.
Feelings and actions in everyday life, such as falling in love, holding a grudge, thinking the four seasons are beautiful, and being happy to have a family, are danced.
A characteristic of Japanese dance is that men play female roles and women play male roles. In addition to human roles such as children, young girls, and old people, they also play animals such as rabbits and raccoon dogs.
And another feature is landscape description.
In addition to the expression of the role, he portrays the scenery as a part of nature, such as the blowing wind, trees, and the moon rising over the mountains. It is a feature that is rarely seen in other dances such as ballet and flamenco.
舞や踊りは、神話の時代、天照大神（アマテラスオオミカミ）が天の岩屋戸にお隠れになった時、その前で天鈿女命（アメノウズメノミコト）が神がかりして踊ったのが起源だと言われています。舞や踊りは、神に捧げるものであり、祈りの一つの形であり、神と交流するための原始的なものとして生まれました。
日本舞踊の魅力は、まず着物を着た所作、動きの美しさにあります。
扇などの持ち物を持って舞い踊るのは日本の芸能の特徴です。
日本舞踊の描写は日本の生活に準じています。恋をする、恨みを持つ、四季を美しいと思う、家族がいることを幸せに思うなど、日常の生活なかで感じる感情や所作が踊りになっています。
日本舞踊の特徴は、男性が女性の役を演じたり女性が男性の役を演じます。子どもや年頃の娘、老人やなど人の役は勿論のこと、兎や狸などの動物も演じます。そしてもう一つの特徴に風景描写があります。
役の表現の他に、吹く風や木、山に出る月など、自身が自然の一部となって風景を描写します。
バレエやフラメンコなど他の舞踊にほとんど見られない特徴です。
Kabuki and Japanese dance
歌舞伎と日本舞踊
Kabuki was originally started by a woman named Izumo Okuni. Onna Kabuki was very popular at the time for its eccentric fashion, dance and performance. Is it the current idol group? However, the government abolished onna kabuki for the reason that conflicts between favorites occurred frequently and that it would be unethical if women performed on stage. After that, Wakashu Kabuki became popular. It was not a woman who stood on the stage, but an underage handsome boy.
In terms of content, it was not much different from onna kabuki, and gradually the young people who performed on the stage became the object of male sex, and the sale of sex was actively practiced, so it was banned by the government. And so Yaro Kabuki, which continues to this day, was born.
The difference between modern Kabuki and Japanese dance is that Kabuki is commercially viable and has performances for 25 days. Only men can perform on stage. Nihon buyo is not commercially viable, and practice is piled up for the performance of the day. There are many female dancers, and they make a living by teaching Japanese dance.
歌舞伎はもともと出雲阿国という女性が始めました。女歌舞伎といって奇抜なファッションと踊り・芝居で当時大流行しました。現在でいうアイドルグループでしょうか。しかし、贔屓同士の争いなどが頻繁に起こるようになり女性が舞台に立つと風紀が乱れるという理由から政府が女歌舞伎を廃止しました。その後、若衆歌舞伎が流行しました。舞台に立つのは女性ではなく、未成年の美少年（前髪立ち・元服前）でした。内容的には女歌舞伎と大差はなく、次第に舞台に立つ若衆が男色の対象とされ売色が盛んに行われた為、政府により禁止されました。そして、現在に繋がる野郎歌舞伎が誕生します。
現在の歌舞伎と日本舞踊の違いは、歌舞伎は商業的に成り立っており25日間公演があります。男性しか舞台に立てません。
日本舞踊は商業的に成り立っておらず、1日の本番の為に稽古を積み重ねます。女性の踊り手が多く存在し、日本舞踊を教えることが生計となります。
Beginning of Japanese dance
日本舞踊のはじまり
Kabuki had a choreographer. In the Edo period, a choreographer popularized the dance as a practice for the common people so that women could also dance. At that time, Japanese dance lessons were very popular as training for brides.
歌舞伎には振付師が存 在しました。江戸時代、振付師が女性も踊りができるよう民衆のお稽古事として普及させたのが、現在の日本舞踊です。当時、花嫁修行として日本舞踊のお稽古は大変人気がありました。
Systems and Schools of Japanese Dance
日本舞踊の制度と流派
In Nihon Buyo, there is a top person called Iemoto, who organizes the organization. Is it generally a president or a manager? The Iemoto is not only the top, but also a symbol of the organization, just like His Majesty the Emperor. This is called the iemoto system. For Japanese dance There are over 200 schools. Among them, Fujima-ryu, Hanayagi-ryu, Bando-ryu, Nishikawa-ryu, and Wakayagi-ryu are said to be the five generation schools. Even in the same song, each dance and use of pauses are different.The Hanayagi-ryu, Wakayagi-ryu, and Nishikawa-ryu schools, which were founded by Kabuki choreographers, are said to have many fine movements. The choreography for the Bando-ryu and Fujima-ryu, where the Kabuki actors are the head of the school, is choreographed on the premise that they dance while wearing costumes, so it seems that the choreography is less than that of the school where the choreographer is the head of the school.
日本舞踊には家元と呼ばれる組織のをまとめるトップが存在します。一般的には社長や経営者でしょうか。家元はトップなだけでなく組織を象徴するまるで天皇陛下のような存在でもあります。これを家元制度と呼びます。
日本舞踊には、200を超える流派が存在します。
中でも、藤間流・花柳流・坂東流・西川流・若柳流が五代流派と言われています。
同じ曲でもそれぞれ踊りや間の使い方が違います。
歌舞伎の振付師が創立した流派花柳流・若柳流・西川流は、間に細かく振り数が多いと言われています。歌舞伎役者が家元の坂東流・藤間流は衣裳を着て踊ることを前提に振付がされているので、振付師が家元の流派に比べ振数は少ないようです。